The First Protectorate Parliament meets... and immediately starts tearing up the constitution.Join the Mailing List!Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!This episode could not have been written without the following works:

The Instrument of Government: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1653intrumentgovt.asp

Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.

Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.

John Coffey, 'Religious Thought', in Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.

Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.

Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.

Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020.

Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022.

John Morrill, The Letters, Writings, and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, Volume 3: 16 December 1653 to 2 September 1658, 2023

John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.

Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022.

Leo F. Solt, 'The Fifth Monarchy Men: Politics and the Millenium', Church History, 30, 3, 1961.

Jonathan Fitzgibbons, "'To settle a governement without somthing of Monarchy in it": Bulstrode Whitelocke’s Memoirs and the Reinvention of the Interregnum', The English Historical Review, 137, 586, 2022, 655-691.

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